Anatomy Of The Arteries Of The Human Body | by John Hatch Power

The present work has been undertaken chiefly with the view of assisting the student whilst engaged in the study of Practical Anatomy, and of affording him such practical information in connection with the Anatomy of the Arterial System as may be of advantage to him long after his studies have been completed. For the purpose of effecting these desirable objects, I have endeavored to simplify as much as possible the anatomical details, and to bring together such material facts in relation to the operations upon the principal arteries of the body, as may lead to correct conclusions relative to the treatment of the various accidents and diseases to which these vessels are exposed.

Title	Anatomy Of The Arteries Of The Human Body
Author	John Hatch Power
Publisher	J. B. Lippincott & Co.
Year	1862
Copyright	1862, J. B. Lippincott & Co.
Amazon	Anatomy of the Arteries of the Human Body, with the Descriptive Anatomy of the Heart

Descriptive And Surgical With The Descriptive Anatomy Of The Heart.

By John Hatch Power, M.D. Fellow, And Member Of Council, Of The Royal College Of Surgeons; Professor Of Descriptive And Practical Anatomy In The Royal College Of Surgeons; Surgeon To The City Of Dublin Hospital, Etc.

Authorized And Adopted By The Surgeon-General Of The United States Army For Use In Field And General Hospitals.

Preface: The recent alterations which have been made by some of the licensing bodies in these kingdoms have rendered their examinations more demonstrative in their character than heretofore; and I trust it wil...

Descriptive Anatomy Of The Heart. Preliminary Directions: For the purpose of exhibiting the heart contained within its envelope the pericardium, together with the great vessels connected with it, particularly the aorta, the student is advised, in the first i...

The Pericardium: The pericardium, properly speaking, is a specimen of what Bichat calls a fibro-serous membrane, consisting of two layers of membrane, an external or fibrous, and an internal or serous layer. It is the...

General Description Of The Heart: The Heart is a hollow muscular organ of a somewhat conical form, consisting of four chambers, grouped together so as to form an individual mass; two of these are called the auricles, the other two the...

The Right Auricle: The Right Auricle is of an irregular shape; it is said to possess the form of the segment of an ovoid: it presents for examination three walls, an antero-external, a posterior situated behind and betw...

The Left Auricle: The Left Auricle when distended presents somewhat the form of a four-sided pyramid, the base of which is situated at its right side and forms the septum auricu-larum; while the truncated apex constitu...

The Right Ventricle: The Right Ventricle has the form of a cone, one side of which has been hollowed out to accommodate the convexity of the left ventricle. Its apex is turned in the same direction as the apex of the hear...

The Left Ventricle: This cavity also is of a conical form: its apex constitutes, in the adult, the apex of the heart: and its base has an arterial, and an auricular opening. The interior of the left ventricle may be expo...

The Zonce Tendinosce: The Zonce Tendinosce of the heart are four in number; one is situated at the narrow portion of the infundibulum of the right ventricle, and gives attachment to the origin of the pulmonary artery: the ...

Relative Capacities Of The Cavities: Each of the four cavities of the heart is capable of containing about two ounces of blood. The ventricles are supposed to contain a little more than the auricles. The right auricle and right ventricle...

Structure Of The Heart: The heart is essentially composed of muscular fibres, covered on the outside by the serous layer of the pericardium, and on the inside by the endocardium, which is continuous with the lining membrane ...

The Muscular Fibres Of The Heart: The Muscular Fibres Of The Heart may be traced, first in the ventricles, and afterwards in the auricles. In order to prepare the heart for the examination of these fibres, it should be hardened by mac...

The Endocardium: This is a transparent membrane, much more delicate than the serous membranes, which, however, it strongly resembles. Its free surface is highly polished and glistening ; its attached surface is united...

The Veins Of The Heart: The Veins Of The Heart are the greater and lesser coronary : the greater coronary vein commences at the apex of the heart, and ascends, under the name of the anterior coronary vein, through the anteri...

The Nerves Of The Heart: The Nerves Of The Heart are principally derived from the cervical ganglia of the sympathetic nerve; the remainder proceed from the pneumogastric and recurrent nerves: they are distributed in greater n...

The Cardiac Nerves: The Cardiac Nerves, derived from these sources, converge from both sides upon the origin of the aorta and pulmonary artery, and form the cardiac plexuses, which, dividing into the right and left coron...

The Inferior Cardiac Nerve: The Inferior Cardiac Nerve, called also the cardiacus minor, usually arises from the inferior cervical ganglion, very often from the first thoracic ganglion. The middle and inferior cardiac nerves com...

The Pulmonary Artery: This vessel may be easily injected from the superior or inferior vena cava. It arises from the infundibulum of the right ventricle: its direction is upwards, backwards, and to the left side ; and afte...

The Left Pulmonary Artery: The Left Pulmonary Artery, shorter than the right, and less horizontal, ascends in front of the left bronchus, being covered anteriorly by the serous layer of the pericardium, except in the immediate ...

The Aorta: The Aorta, or great systemic artery of the body, consists of an arch, and descending portion; the latter is divided into the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta. The arch may be exposed by the dis...

The Anterior Or Ascending Portion: The Anterior Or Ascending Portion arises from the base of the left ventricle, anterior and a little to the right side of the left auriculo-ventricular opening, in front of the left side of the body of...

The Middle Portion Of The Arch: The Middle Portion Of The Arch passes obliquely upwards, backwards, and to the left side, so that the term transverse, usually applied to it, is not correct: it terminates on the left side of the body...

The Posterior Or Descending Portion Of The Arch: The Posterior Or Descending Portion Of The Arch extends from the body of the second to that of the third dorsal vertebra: posteriorly, and at its right, it rests against the spine and left longus coll...

Development Of The Aorta: This vessel is formed after the portal system, with which it is connected by a dilatation which is the rudiment of the future heart. In the young child it lies nearer the spine than in the adult, on a...

Branches Of The Arch Of The Aorta: From the Arch of the Aorta five branches usually arise, viz.: The anatomy of the two coronary arteries has been already described. ...

Arteria Innominata: The Arteria Innominata, or Brachio-cephalic artery, arises from the arch of the aorta at the commencement of its second stage, and corresponding to the termination of the great sinus of Morgagni; it l...

Operation Of Tying The Arteria Innominata: This operations has been performed in about ten cases: in nine for subclavian aneurisms; and in one, where hemorrhage took place after ligature of the subclavian: all these cases were attended with fa...

Common Carotid Arteries: The common carotid of the right side arises from the arteria innominata at the superior outlet of the thorax, behind, and on a level with the upper portion of the right sterno-clavicular articulation,...

First Or Inferior Stage Of The Right Common Carotid: This vessel, as has been stated, arises from the arteria innominata immediately behind the upper part of the sterno-clavicular articulation, and inclines a little backwards as it ascends in the neck. ...

First Or Inferior Stage Of The Left Common Carotid: The left carotid artery arises from the arch of the aorta. The first stage of this artery may be divided into two portions,—a thoracic and cervical: the thoracic extends from the origin of the vessel ...

Second Or Superior Stage Of The Common Carotid Artery: In this stage the artery of each side lies close to the bodies of the cervical vertebrae, resting posteriorly on the longus colli muscle and sympathetic nerve: internally it is related to the larynx, ...

Veins Of The Neck: Before we proceed to speak of the operations of tying the trunk of the common carotid artery, the student is advised to study the anatomy of the large veins of the neck. The External Jugular Vein will...

The Internal Jugular Vein: The Internal Jugular Vein should be carefully studied in relation to the common carotid artery of each side. These vessels are contained within a sheath formed by the cervical aponeurosis, and, as has...

Ligature Of The Common Carotid Artery: This operations has been performed on several occasions, and under various circumstances. The four following heads will include these different operations:— 1. The common carotid has been tied for ...

The Operation Of Tying The Common Carotid Artery In Its Inferior Stage: An incision should be made through the integuments along the internal margin of the sterno-mastoid muscle, for the extent of about three inches above the clavicle. In most cases a vein may be observed...

Sedillot's Operation: He makes an incision two and a half inches long, which passes from the internal end of the clavicle obliquely upwards and outwards in the direction of the interval between the two origins of the stern...

Operation Of Tying The Common Carotid In Its Superior Stage: The first incision should commence a little beneath the angle of the lower jaw, and terminate on the side of the cricoid cartilage. This incision will divide the skin, platysma myoides, and cervical f...

External Carotid Artery: This artery usually arises nearly opposite the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage; it is situated, until crossed by the digastric and stylo-hyoid muscles, in the anterior superior lateral triang...

Operation Of Tying The External Carotid: The external carotid may be tied either above or below the crossing of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. For the latter purpose an incision should be made through the integuments and platys...

The Superior Thyroid Artery: The Superior Thyroid Artery arises opposite the thyro-hyoid space. It first ascends towards the os hyoides, and then descends on the side of the larynx on a plane anterior and internal to the external...

The Inferior Laryngeal Or Crico Thyroid Branch: The Inferior Laryngeal Or Crico Thyroid Branch may come directly from the superior thyroid, but more usually it arises from its internal terminating branch. It passes horizontally inwards in front of ...

The Lingual Artery: The Lingual Artery is the next in order, but, as the branches of the facial or labial are more superficial, the student will find it expedient to dissect these first, and afterwards examine the course...

Operation Of Tying The Lingual Artery: This operations has been proposed by Beclard for hemorrhage after extirpation of portion of the tongue, or from other causes. The lingual artery may be exposed by an incision extending transversely fr...

The Facial Artery: The Facial Artery, called also the labial or external maxillary, arises immediately above the lingual, and often together with it by a common trunk. The artery may be divided into two stages,—a cervic...

The Facial Vein: The Facial Vein is much less tortuous than the artery, and at the root of the nose and inner angle of the eyelids it communicates with the ophthalmic and with a large vein that descends on the middle ...

The Inferior Mental, Or Submental Branch: The Inferior Mental, Or Submental Branch, is a larger artery than the preceding; it runs along the base of the inferior maxillary bone towards the symphisis menti, being covered by the platysma myoide...

The Internal Pterygoid Branch: On reaching the anterior margin of the internal pterygoid muscle the facial artery gives off a small branch which is distributed to the substance of this muscle. The artery in its facial stage usua...

The Dorsalis Or Lateralis Nasi Artery: The Dorsalis Or Lateralis Nasi Artery, ascends obliquely inwards, and lies on the outer surface of the nasal portion of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle, and distributes its branches t...

The Angular Artery: The Angular Artery is the terminating branch of the facial: it ascends between the two portions of the levator labii superioris alseque nasi, and anastomoses with the nasal or terminating branch of th...

The Occipital Artery: The Occipital Artery arises from the posterior part of the external carotid, nearly opposite to the origin of the lingual artery: it may be divided into three stages. In its first stage it lies in ...

The Posterior Auricular Artery: The Posterior Auricular Artery is one of the smallest branches of the external carotid: it arises in the substance of the parotid gland, nearly opposite the apex of the styloid process, and ascends al...

The Posterior Aural Branch: The Posterior Aural Branch ascends between the retra-hens auris muscle and bone, and supplies the integuments covering the mastoid process, and the temporal and retrahens auris muscles. Before its ...

The Pharyngea Ascendens Artery: The Pharyngea Ascendens Artery may be exposed by the dissection recommended for exposing the internal carotid, and therefore the student would find it more expedient to defer its examination for the p...

The Meningeal Branch: The Meningeal Branch ascends between the carotid artery and jugular vein, and supplies these vessels, the pneumogastric nerve, the Eustachian tube, the rectus capitis anticus and longus colli muscles....

The Transversalis Faciei Artery: The Transversalis Faciei Artery usually arises from the outer part of the external carotid a little before its termination. At its origin it is imbedded in the parotid gland, through which it proceeds...

The Superficial Temporal Artery: The Superficial Temporal Artery arises immediately behind the neck of the inferior maxillary bone, and ascends through the parotid gland in front of the external auditory canal. It next passes between...

The Posterior Temporal Branch: The Posterior Temporal Branch ramifies on the side of the head, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side, and with the occipital and posterior auris arteries. The temporal artery is not...

The Internal Maxillary Artery: The Internal Maxillary Artery may be exposed in the following manner: having removed the brain and uncovered the masseter muscle, we may carry a very small and pointed saw upwards behind the posterior...

The Middle Meningeal Artery: The Middle Meningeal Artery is the largest branch of the internal maxillary. It arises on the inside of the neck of the lower jaw, and ascends obliquely inwards to the base of the skull, behind the ex...

The Inferior Dental Artery: The Inferior Dental Artery arises from the inferior surface of the internal maxillary, nearly opposite the origin of the middle meningeal, and runs obliquely downwards and forwards, between the intern...

The Buccal Artery: The Buccal Artery runs tortuously, downwards, forwards, and outwards, between the two pterygoid muscles, and in company with the buccal nerve. Having arrived at the anterior margin of the ramus of the...

The Infra Orbital Artery: The Infra Orbital Artery passes through a canal of the same name in the floor beneath the orbit, in company with the infra-orbital nerve beneath which it lies. In this course it sends some small branc...

The Spheno Palatine Artery: The Spheno Palatine Artery may be considered as the terminating branch of the internal maxillary. It passes through the spheno-palatine foramen into the cavity of the nose, where it gives off a pteryg...

The Internal Carotid Artery: This artery may be exposed in the following manner: The brain should first be removed in the usual way, leaving uninjured, however, the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and pons Varolii: the tentorium s...

The Internal Carotid: The Internal Carotid is much larger than the external in the young subject, but nearly of equal size in the adult: it arises opposite the superior margin of the thyroid cartilage, and its long and tor...

The Ophthalmic Artery: The Ophthalmic Artery is given off from the internal carotid in its fourth stage, beneath the anterior clinoid process: it may be exposed by the following dissection: —The brain should be removed from...

The Lachrymal Artery: The Lachrymal Artery is the first and one of the largest branches of the ophthalmic: it arises at the outer side of the optic nerve and passes forwards and outwards between the origin of the superior ...

The Central Artery: The Central Artery of the Retina is extremely minute; it arises at the outer side of the optic nerve, pierces its coats, and runs forwards through its centre to arrive at the retina, on the internal s...

The Supra Orbital Artery: The Supra Orbital Artery arises at the upper surface of the optic nerve, and accompanies the nerve of the same name to the notch in the superior margin of the orbit. In this course it lies on the supe...

The Ciliary Arteries: The Ciliary Arteries are divided into three sets,—the short, the long, and the anterior,—and at their origins correspond to the upper surface of the optic nerve. The short ciliary arteries (twenty, th...

The Muscular Arteries: The Muscular Arteries arise at the upper surface of the optic nerve; they are usually two in number: the inferior is a large and constant branch: after its origin it passes forwards between the optic ...

The Ethmoidal Arteries: The Ethmoidal Arteries are two in number; they arise at the inner surface of the optic nerve, and pass between the internal rectus and superior oblique muscles of the eye to arrive at the internal wal...

The Palpebral Arteries: The Palpebral Arteries are two in number; they arise at the inner surface of the optic nerve: the inferior descends behind the tendo oculi, and after sending some twigs to the lachrymal sac, divides i...

The Posterior Communicating Artery: The Posterior Communicating Artery arises from the internal carotid internal to the choroid; it is a small but constant branch: from its origin it takes a direction backwards and inwards to anastomose...

The Anterior Cerebral Artery: The Anterior Cerebral Artery passes forwards between the first and second cerebral nerves, to reach the great longitudinal fissure; it then ascends with the corresponding artery of the opposite side b...

The Middle Cerebral Artery: The Middle Cerebral Artery is larger than the preceding, and from its size might be considered the continued trunk of the internal carotid; it sinks into the fissure of Sylvius, taking a direction out...

Subclavian Arteries: These arteries are two in number, a right and left. The right subclavian arises from the arteria innominata, and the left from the arch of the aorta: each is usually described as having three stages. ...

First Stage Of The Right Subclavian: The right subclavian artery arises from the arteria innominata at the superior outlet of the thorax, immediately behind and on a level with the upper portion of the right sternoclavicular articulation...

First Stage Of The Left Subclavian Artery: The left subclavian artery arises within the cavity of the thorax, from the arch of the aorta, opposite to and to the left side of the second dorsal vertebra, and ascends slightly outwards into the ne...

Second Stage Of The Subclavian Arteries: Each of the subclavian arteries in its second stage is covered anteriorly by the integuments, platysma, cervical aponeurosis, clavicular origin of the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle; and frequently imme...

Third Stage Of The Subclavian Arteries: Each of the subclavian arteries in its third stage takes a direction obliquely downwards and outwards, and having arrived at the lower margin of the first rib changes its name, and becomes the axillar...

Operation Of Tying The First Stage Of The Subclavian Artery: This operations has been performed in about ten cases; in nine upon the first stage of the right subclavian, and in one upon the first stage of the left: all these cases were attended with fatal resul...

Mr. O'Reilly's Case: Thomas Duffy, aged 39 years, a man of robust frame, and twenty years employed as helper in a stable, was admitted into Jervis Street Hospital, April 15, 1836, under the care of Mr. O'Reilly, for ane...

Operation Of Tying The Left Subclavian Artery In Its First Stage: It has heretofore been generally considered impracticable to tie the left subclavian artery in its first stage, for the following weighty reasons:—it extends for a very short distance indeed above the...

Operation Of Tying The Subclavian Artery In Its Second Stage: This operations is not generally practised in this country, both on account of its supposed difficulty and the dangerous consequences apprehended. The difficulty has, however, been exaggerated. With m...

Operation Of Tying The Subclavian Artery In Its Third Stage: This operations has been frequently performed for aneurism and wounds of the axillary artery. Mr. Ramsden first tied the artery in the year 1809; since then it has been frequently the subject of succe...

Operation Of Tying The Subclavian Artery In Its Third Stage. Continued: Mr. Wickham, Surgeon to the Winchester Hospital, was consulted by a patient, a man aged fifty-five years, laboring under an aneurism of the arteria innominata. On September 25, 1839, a ligature was pl...

The Vertebral Artery: The Vertebral Artery is usually the first branch of the subclavian, and comes off from the superior and posterior portion of that vessel: it may be divided into four stages. In the first it ascends al...

The Anterior Spinal Artery: The Anterior Spinal Artery arises from the vertebral near its termination; sometimes from the inferior artery of the cerebellum, or even from the basilar trunk. It descends in a tortuous manner, and u...

The Posterior Spinal Artery: The Posterior Spinal Artery inclines downwards and inwards to get behind the spinal marrow, and descends parallel to its fellow of the opposite side, as far as the second lumbar vertebra. In this cour...

The Inferior Artery Of The Cerebellum: The Inferior Artery Of The Cerebellum generally comes, on one side from the vertebral artery, and on the other from the basilar trunk: both, however, though rarely, may come from the vertebral, or, st...

The Basilar Artery: The Basilar Artery, formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries, proceeds from behind forwards on the middle line, between the nerves of the sixth pair, one of which lies on each side, having th...

The Anterior Cerebellar Branch: The Anterior Cerebellar Branch is small: it runs across the under surface of the anterior lobes of the cerebellum, and across the crus cerebelli, and is distributed chiefly to these parts. At the a...

The Superior Artery: The Superior Artery of the cerebellum arises at the anterior margin of the pons, winds round the crus cerebri, accompanying the posterior artery of the cerebrum, from which it is separated, first by t...

The Posterior Artery: The Posterior Artery of the cerebrum is much larger than the superior artery of the cerebellum: at its origin the third nerve hooks round it. It first proceeds forwards and outwards, then turns backwa...

The Internal Mammary Artery: In order to expose the trunk of this artery, it is only necessary to cut through and remove the costal cartilages and intercostal muscles which cover it, and to saw through the clavicle or disarticula...

The Thyroid Axis: This short trunk arises from the subclavian artery, close to the internal margin of the scalenus anticus muscle, and opposite to the origin of the internal mammary artery. Immediately after its origin...

The Inferior Thyroid Artery: The Inferior Thyroid Artery first ascends a little, and then turns inwards behind the internal jugular vein, pneumogastric nerve, and carotid artery; towards all of which parts it presents a slight co...

The Supra Scapular, Or Transversalis Humeri Artery: The Supra Scapular, Or Transversalis Humeri Artery, runs horizontally outwards, in front of the anterior scalenus muscle, the phrenic nerve, the brachial plexus, and the posterior scalenus muscle, bei...

The Posterior Scapular, Or Transversalis Colli Artery: The Posterior Scapular, Or Transversalis Colli Artery, larger than the supra-scapular, passes horizontally outwards in front of the anterior scalenus muscle and phrenic nerve; afterwards, in front of ...

The Cervicalis Profunda Artery: The Cervicalis Profunda Artery is a small but constant branch which passes backwards through the brachial plexus, and between the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra and the first rib ...

The Superior Intercostal Artery: The Superior Intercostal Artery inclines a little backwards, arches over the top of the lung and pleura, and descends into the thorax, having behind it the neck of the first rib, and the first dorsal ...

Axilla: This region has the form of a three-sided pyramid. The apex is truncated and directed upwards and inwards, and is hounded posteriorly by the superior margin of the scapula, anteriorly by the clavicle,...

The Lymphatic Glands: The Lymphatic Glands found in the axilla are classed into two sets; a superficial set, which are found along the inferior margins of the axillary folds; and a deeper set, which accompany the great ves...

The Axillary Artery: This vessel commences at the lower margin of the first rib, and proceeds obliquely, downwards, backwards, and outwards, to terminate opposite the lower margin of the tendons of the teres major and lat...

First Stage Of The Axillary Artery: Anteriorly, it is covered by the integuments, the platysma, supra-clavicular branches of the cervical plexus, the upper portion of the pectoralis major, and immediately under cover of this muscle, by ...

Second Stage Of The Axillary Artery: Anteriorly, in addition to the integuments and pectoralis major, it is covered more immediately by the pectoralis minor muscle, and about the middle of this stage by a portion of the superior trunks o...

Third Stage Of The Axillary Artery: Anteriorly, besides by the integuments and pectoralis major muscle, it is covered by the union of the two roots of the median nerve, and for a very short distance by the nerve itself, which, however, ...

Operation Of Tying The Axillary Artery In Its First Stage: The operations is extremely difficult, from the depth of the artery, and the difficulty of distinguishing it from the adjacent nerves of the brachial plexus, and on account of the situation of the axi...

Operation Of Tying The Axillary Artery In Its Third Stage: The artery may be reached either by cutting through the anterior wall of the axilla, or through its base. If we prefer the former plan, we make our incision about three inches long, over the areolar i...

Case Of Rupture Of The Axillary Artery, Caused By Luxation Of The Head Of The Humerus Into The Axilla: John Smith, aged 50, was thrown down by a runaway horse one morning during the summer of 1833; in about ten minutes after this occurred he was brought to Jervis Street Hospital, when the writer, at th...

The Acromial Or Thoracica Acromialis Artery: The Acromial Or Thoracica Acromialis Artery arises from the axillary in its first stage; it is a short thick axis; it arises a little below the clavicle and passes forwards above the edge of the pecto...

The Thoracica Alaris Artery: The Thoracica Alaris Artery is seldom found as a single trunk, its place being usually supplied by several smaller vessels : its origin is from the second stage of the axillary. It divides into many b...

The Infra Or Sub Scapular Artery: The Infra Or Sub Scapular Artery is of considerable size : it arises from the third stage of the axillary, opposite the inferior margin of the sub-scapular muscle, to which it sends one or two branche...

The Posterior Circumflex Artery: The Posterior Circumflex Artery is a little smaller than the preceding vessel, and arises close to it from the posterior part of the axillary artery in its third stage : immediately after its origin i...

The Anterior Circumflex Artery: The Anterior Circumflex Artery is a very small but very constant branch : it passes horizontally forwards and outwards, covered by the coraco-brachialis muscle and short head of the biceps. It then cr...

Veins Of The Arm And Fore Arm: Before proceeding with the dissection of the brachial artery the student is recommended carefully to examine the superficial veins of the arm and fore-arm; for this purpose he should remove the integu...

The Brachial Artery: This artery is a continuation of the axillary: it commences opposite the lower margin of the teres major and latissimus dorsi tendons, passes obliquely downwards and outwards, and terminates nearly op...

True Aneurism Of The Brachial Artery: True Aneurism Of The Brachial Artery, or that form of the disease which consists in a dilatation of all the coats of the vessel, is extremely rare: Pelletan mentions an example of it in his Clinique...

Diffused False Aneurism: By far the most frequent forms of aneurism of the brachial artery are those which are the result of injuries inflicted upon the vessel, as in the operations of venisection at the bend of the elbow. Wh...

Circumscribed False Aneurism: After the infliction of a wound upon the artery, the blood may escape at once directly through the external wound; if pressure be now made upon the wound, the general diffusion of the blood may be pre...

Aneurismal Varix, And Varicose Aneurism: Aneurismal Varix, And Varicose Aneurism, form two other varieties of aneurismal tumors resulting from a wound of the artery during venisection; these two have been already considered: the student will...

With Regard To The Circumscribed False Aneurism: Professor Harrison remarks, I do not recollect a case of this sort of circumscribed aneurism, from the infliction of a simple wound, in which it has been necessary to open the sac or tie the artery ...

Operation Of Tying The Brachial Artery In The Superior Third Of The Arm: The arm being abducted and rotated outwards for the purpose of diminishing the depth of the wound, an incision, about two inches and a half long, may be made over the ulnar margin of the coraco-brachi...

Ligature Of The Brachial Artery In The Middle Of The Arm: The elbow-joint being extended and the arm rotated outwards, an incision should be made, about two inches and a half long, on the internal margin of the biceps muscle. Having divided the integuments a...

Ligature Of The Brachial Artery At The Bend Of The Elbow: The elbow-joint being extended, the hand supinated, an incision may be made, commencing at the internal margin of the median basilic vein, about an inch above the internal condyle, and carried downwar...

The Superior Profunda Artery: The Superior Profunda Artery arises a little beneath the conjoined tendons of the teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles, and then sinks, in company with the musculo-spiral nerve, into a canal forme...

The Arteria Nutritia: The Arteria Nutritia, or nutritious artery of the humerus, arises high up from the brachial, below the superior profunda, and penetrates the oblique canal that may be observed on the inside of the hum...

The Inferior Profunda Artery: The Inferior Profunda Artery arises nearly opposite the insertion of the coraco-brachialis muscle, and descends on the outside of the ulnar nerve, pierces with it the internal intermuscular ligament, ...

The Muscular Branches: The Muscular Branches are distributed in all directions: some go forwards to the biceps muscle, others backwards to the brachialis anticus; a third set are distributed externally to the coraco-brachia...

Ulnar Artery. Radial Artery. The Ulnar Artery: The Ulnar Artery, larger than the radial, proceeds at first obliquely downwards and inwards beneath the pronator radii teres muscle, the deep head of which separates it from the median nerve; then, be...

The Posterior Ulnar Recurrent: The Posterior Ulnar Recurrent, much larger than the preceding, descends at first a little inwards, between the flexor profundus digitorum, which lies behind it, and the muscles arising from the intern...

The Common Interosseal Artery: The Common Interosseal Artery comes off immediately below the recurrents, and descends backwards and outwards to the superior margin of the interosseous ligament, where it divides into the anterior an...

The Posterior Carpal Branch: The Posterior Carpal Branch comes off about an inch and a half above the pisiform bone: it winds round the inferior extremity of the ulna to the back of the carpus, in passing beneath the tendon of th...

The Communicans Profunda: The Communicans Profunda should not be dissected till the palmaris superficialis and superficial palmar arch of arteries have been examined. It passes obliquely downwards and inwards, between the pisi...

Superficial Palmar Arch: The Superficial palmar arch of arteries corresponds nearly to the semicircular fold on the palm of the hand which circumscribes the muscles of the thumb: it is, in general, smaller than the deep arch,...

The First Digital Artery: The First Digital Artery, or the most internal, supplies the ulnar side of the little finger; the second advances to the cleft between the little and ring fingers; the third to the cleft between the m...

Operation Of Tying The Ulnar Artery: If the ulnar artery be wounded in its superior third, we may either adopt the method recommended by Mr. Guthrie, and cut down through the mass of muscles which covers it, taking care to avoid the medi...

The Radial Artery: The Radial Artery, smaller than the ulnar, but more in the direction of the brachial artery, descends towards the wrist, being related posteriorly, from above downwards, to the tendon of the biceps, t...

The Posterior Carpal Artery: The Posterior Carpal Artery is very much larger than the anterior. Its origin corresponds to the outer edge of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle, and is nearly opposite the interval between th...

The Princeps Pollicis: The Princeps Pollicis, or digital artery of the thumb, descends between the abductor indicis and deep head of the shorter flexor pollicis. It then follows the internal margin of the thumb, and anastom...

Deep Palmar Arch: The Deep palmar arch of arteries is covered in front by all the nerves, tendons, and muscles of the palm of the hand except by the interosseous muscles, which, together with the metacarpal bones, lie ...

Operation Of Tying The Radial Artery: The radial artery may be tied in the upper part of the fore-arm by making an incision over the interval between the pronator radii teres and supinator longus. In the lower part of the fore-arm it will...

The Descending Aorta: This large vessel is a continuation of the arch of the aorta, and may be described as commencing opposite the lower part of the body of the third dorsal vertebra, and terminating opposite the fourth l...

The Thoracic Aorta: This great division of the descending aorta may be said to commence opposite the third dorsal vertebra, and to terminate in passing between the pillars of the diaphragm. As far as the tenth dorsal ver...

The Bronchial Arteries: The Bronchial Arteries arise from the anterior part of the aorta; they are amongst the most irregular in the body, and can only be recognized by their termination in the lung, and not by their origin,...

The Inferior Or Aortic Intercostals: The Inferior Or Aortic Intercostals are usually from nine to ten in number on each side, according as the superior intercostal gives off three or two branches: they all arise from the posterior and la...

The Abdominal Aorta: The examination of this vessel may be deferred till its branches have been dissected. It is about five inches and a half or six inches in length, and extends from the aortic opening in the diaphragm t...

Operation Of Tying The Aorta: The abdominal aorta has been tied five times in the human subject, but unfortunately in every case without success. Sir A. Cooper was led, by a number of experiments* which he performed on dogs, and b...

Sir A. Cooper's Case: A patient in Guy's Hospital had violent bleeding just above the left groin, from an aneurismal tumor of the external iliac artery. The integuments had sloughed, and the patient was exceedingly reduced...

Mr. James's Case: The patient, aet. 44, of spare habit, but not otherwise unhealthy, had an aneurism of the external iliac artery, of such extent as to prevent any chance of success from tying the iliac artery above t...

Dr. Murray's Case: A Portuguese sailor applied at the Civil Hospital, at the Cape of Good Hope, with a large aneurismal tumor over the site of the external iliac artery. The tumor now presents the greatest size and ...

Dr. Monteiro's Case: The subject of this operations labored under a large false aneurism, forming a tumor on the lower and right side of the abdomen and upper part of the thigh. The incisions were made pretty similar to t...

Mr. South's Case: No authentic report of Mr. South's operations of ligature of the abdominal aorta has been as yet published by himself; he has, however, most kindly favored me with the following interesting particular...

The Cceliac Axis: The Cceliac Axis may be exposed by either of the following methods: the liver may be drawn upwards and the stomach downwards; by this means the gastro-hepatic or lesser omentum which connects them, wi...

The Gastric Artery, Or Coronaria Ventriculi: The Gastric Artery, Or Coronaria Ventriculi, is smaller than the hepatic or splenic; it proceeds at first upwards, forwards, and to the left side, to reach the cardiac orifice of the stomach: in this ...

The Hepatic Artery: The Hepatic Artery is smaller than the splenic in the adult, but larger in the foetus: it proceeds at first almost transversely along the superior margin of the pancreas, and beneath the Spigelian lob...

The Gastro Duodenalis Artery: The Gastro Duodenalis Artery, about two inches in length, descends behind the first portion of the duodenum, which it separates from the head of the pancreas, and divides into the gastro-epiploica dex...

Circulation Of The Blood In The Liver: The Vena Portse is formed by the junction of the splenic vein, after it has received the inferior mesenteric, with the superior mesenteric vein. The trunk of this large vein commences on the front of ...

The Umbilical Vein: The Umbilical Vein in the Fectus runs obliquely upwards, backwards, and to the right side, in the posterior or free margin of the falciform ligament of the liver: having arrived in the umbilical or ho...

The Vena Portae: The Vena Portae in the Foetus divides into two branches; one of which sinks into the right lobe, the other runs towards the left lobe of the liver and terminates in communicating with the umbilical ve...

The Splenic Artery: The Splenic Artery proceeds from its origin to the left side in a very tortuous manner along a groove in the back part of the upper margin of the pancreas: posterior to it are the left crus of the dia...

The Superior Mesenteric Artery: The Superior Mesenteric Artery, nearly as large as the cceliac axis, and sometimes even larger, arises about a quarter or half an inch lower down than that vessel, from the aorta; it first descends a ...

The Branches From The Convexity: The Branches From The Convexity are fifteen to twenty in number: they are contained between the layers of the mesentery, and destined for the ileum, jejunum, and third portion of the duodenum. Each of...

The Colica Dextra: The Colica Dextra passes towards the right colon, near which it divides into—a superior branch, which anastomoses with the right branch of the colica media; and an inferior branch, which descends to a...

Colica Sinistra. Arteria Sigmoidea; And Superior Haemorrhoidal: The Colica Sinistra ascends between the layers of the left mesocolon, and divides into a superior and inferior branch; the former anastomoses with the colica media, and the latter with the sigmoid art...

The Proper Phrenic Arteries: The Proper Phrenic Arteries, called also the inferior phrenic or sub-phrenic, are the first branches of the abdominal aorta; they arise immediately above the cceliac axis, from the front of the vessel...

The Renal Arteries: The Renal Arteries are two in number, one on each side: they arise from the aorta opposite to about the second lumbar vertebra, inferior and close to the origin of the superior mesenteric: sometimes t...

The Renal Veins: The Renal Veins, called also the emulgent veins, are two large vessels which escape, one from the hilus of each kidney. The right renal vein is shorter than that of the left, in consequence of the ven...

The Spermatic Arteries: The Spermatic Arteries arise from the front of the aorta a little beneath the renal: each of them descends obliquely outwards, lying anterior to the psoas muscle and ureter, which latter it crosses at...

The Veins Which Accompany The Spermatic Artery: The Veins Which Accompany The Spermatic Artery arise from the testis and epididymis, and form a plexus immediately after their junction. They then ascend, four or five in number, through the inguinal ...

The Lumbar Arteries: The Lumbar Arteries are generally four in number on each side; sometimes, however, we meet five, and sometimes only three. They are larger than the intercostal, to which they are analogous. Each of th...

The Middle Sacral Artery: The Middle Sacral Artery, usually smaller than the lumbar arteries, arises from the posterior part of the aorta a little above its bifurcation; it then descends on the front of the spine, separated fr...

Common Iliac Arteries: On the left side of the fourth lumbar vertebra, or corresponding to the intervertebral substance between the fourth and fifth (and nearly opposite the left margin of the umbilicus), the aorta bifurcat...

The Right Common Iliac Artery: The Right Common Iliac Artery descends obliquely to the right side, till it reaches the superior extremity of the sacroiliac symphysis. Its posterior surface in this course lies on the cartilage betwe...

The Left Common Iliac Artery: The Left Common Iliac Artery descends with less obliquity than the right, and is usually shorter, in consequence of the aorta bifurcating on the left side of the spine. In many cases, however, it will...

Operation Of Tying The Common Iliac Artery: The operation of tying the common iliac artery has been performed upwards of twenty times on the human subject; first, by Dr. Wm. Gibson, of Philadelphia, in 1812, in a case of gun-shot wound; the pat...

Mr. Mott's Case: The subject of this operations, Isaac Crane, aged 33, was a man of temperate habits, and his disease was a large aneurismal tumor, of nearly three months' standing; filling the iliac fossa, and extend...

Mr. Hey's Case: The patient, a gentleman aged forty, perceived, on the 10th of November, a small hard tumor in his left groin, above the centre of Poupart's ligament. Three days afterwards he had severe pain in the ...

The Internal Iliac Artery: This artery arises from the common iliac on a plane posterior to the origin of the external iliac; it is from an inch and a half to two inches in length: in the adult, it descends backwards and inward...

Operation Of Tying The Internal Iliac: The internal iliac artery may require to be tied in consequence of a wound, or for aneurism of the glutaeal or other of its branches. The operations of tying it has been performed in seven instances, ...

The Glutaeal Artery: The Glutaeal Artery is the largest branch of the internal iliac. It arises far back in the pelvis, opposite the lower part of the sacro-iliac symphysis, and immediately passes backwards between the lu...

Operation Of Tying The Glutaeal Artery: M. Lizars gives the following rule for finding the trunk of the glutaeal artery. Draw a line from the posterior superior spinous process of the ilium downwards to the mid-point between the tuberosity ...

The Sciatic Or Ischiatic Artery: The Sciatic Or Ischiatic Artery, smaller than the glutaeal, descends on the front of the sacral plexus of nerves and pyriformis muscle: in this course it passes between the rectum and outer wall of th...

The Anastomotic Branches: The Anastomotic Branches unite at the back of the thigh with the terminating branches of the internal circumflex from the profunda femoris, and with the perforating arteries. According to Mr. Lizar...

The Obturator Artery: This is the smallest and most anterior of the four branches of the internal iliac which go out of the pelvis, and should be dissected before the pudic. Fig. 46. Represents the Surgical Anatomy ...

The Anterior And Larger Branch: The Anterior And Larger Branch descends between the adductor brevis and longus muscles, and supplies these, as well as the obturator externus, adductor magnus, and gracilis muscles. It anastomoses wit...

The Posterior Branch: The Posterior Branch descends along the outer edge of the obturator foramen, towards the tuberosity of the ischium, passing between the internal and external obturator muscles: it supplies the adjacen...

Ano Perineal Region: For the purpose of dissecting this region, the subject should be placed in the same position as in that recommended for the operations of lithotomy: the hands should be placed so as to grasp the outer...

The Accelerator Urinae Or Compressor Urethrae Muscle: The Accelerator Urinae Or Compressor Urethrae Muscle will be seen in this stage of the dissection taking its origin from the anterior layer of the triangular ligament near its base, and more anteriorl...

The Lateral Operation For Lithotomy: The rectum having been previously emptied by an enema, and the patient desired to retain his urine, the hair of the perineum should be shaved, and the presence of the stone again ascertained. A groove...

The Internal Pudic Artery: The description of this vessel has been purposely deferred till the present stage of the dissection of the pelvis. This artery is larger than the obturator, but smaller than the sciatic, with which it...

The Long Perineal Artery: The Long Perineal Artery arises from the pudic in its third stage, pierces the obturator fascia, then curves under, that is, posterior and superficial to the transversus perinei muscle, and advances i...

The Artery Of The Bulb: This artery arises from the pudic in its fourth stage; it then passes downwards, forwards, and inwards, between the layers of the triangular ligament, near its posterior lunated margin, and terminates...

The Artery Of The Corpus Cavernosum: This artery arises from the pudic immediately after it has passed through the anterior layer of the triangular ligament: it then pierces the crus penis, and advances through the corpus cavernosum, dis...

The Dorsal Artery: The Dorsal Artery of the Penis is the terminating artery of the internal pudic; it ascends between the crus penis and symphysis pubis, then advances in front of the sub-pubic ligament, and through the...

The Ilio Lumbar Artery: The Ilio Lumbar Artery arises from the posterior part of the internal iliac, and takes a direction upwards, backwards, and outwards in front of the lumbo-sacral nerve, and behind the obturator nerve a...

The Lateral Sacral Artery: The Lateral Sacral Artery descends obliquely inwards on the front of the sacral plexus, being separated from the middle sacral by the trunk of the sympathetic nerve, and covered in front by the pelvic...

The Vesical Artery: The Vesical Artery arises from the lowest part of the internal iliac, immediately before the latter vessel contributes to form the superior vesical ligament. It accompanies the ureter to the inferior ...

The Uterine Artery: The Uterine Artery proceeds to the superior and lateral parts of the vagina and beneath the bladder. Having supplied these parts, it ascends on the side of the uterus, between the folds of its broad l...

External Iliac Artery: This vessel arises from the common iliac nearly opposite the superior extremity of the sacro-iliac symphysis, and descends obliquely forwards and outwards towards the centre of Poupart's ligament. The...

Operation Of Tying The External Iliac Artery. Mr. Abernethy's Method: The external iliac artery was first tied by Mr. Abernethy, in the year 1796, in a case of femoral aneurism. He had previously tied the femoral artery, according to Brasdor's plan, on the capillary sid...

Sir A. Cooper's Operation On The External Iliac Artery: A semilunar incision is made through the integuments in the direction of the fibres of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. One extremity of this incision will be situated near the spine o...

The Epigastric Artery: The Epigastric Artery arises from the external iliac, usually about three or four lines above Poupart's ligament: from this origin it takes a direction forwards, inwards, and slightly downwards, cross...

The Internal Circumflexa Ilii Artery: The Internal Circumflexa Ilii Artery, smaller than the preceding, usually arises a little beneath, and sometimes opposite to it: immediately after its origin it pierces the junction of the fascia tran...

The Femoral Artery: This vessel, called by some the superficial femoral artery, commences behind Poupart's ligament, and loses the name of femoral after having passed through a tendinous opening in the adductor magnus mu...

The Femoral Artery. Continued: In this stage of the dissection it will be observed that within the funnel, and throughout its length, the artery and vein do not lie in contact with one another, but are separated from each other by ...

The Anterior Crural Nerve: The Anterior Crural Nerve, opposite Poupart's ligament, lies in the groove between the psoas and iliacus muscles, separated from the artery by some of the fibres of the psoas muscle, and by the iliac ...

Operations On The Femoral Artery: The usual circumstances requiring ligature of the femoral artery are wounds of that vessel, or aneurism in the popliteal region. Mr. Hunter was the first who tied the femoral artery for popliteal aneu...

Ligature Of The Femoral Artery Immediately Below Poupart's Ligament: Professor Porter proposed and performed the operations of tying the femoral artery for aneurism of this vessel, by making a transverse incision through the integuments, and so reaching the artery whil...

Ligature Of The Femoral Artery In The Middle Of The Thigh: In this situation the artery is covered by the sartorius muscle, and much discussion has arisen whether it be preferable to cut down on its internal margin and evert it, or on its outer margin, and th...

Ligature Of The Femoral Artery In Scarpa's Space: The patient is to be placed on his back, on a table, and the thigh rotated slightly outwards, so as to make the incision look directly upwards. The line of the artery is to be distinguished by feeling...

State Of The Circulation And Vessels After The Operation: When the femoral artery is tied above the origin of the profunda, the circulation in the limb is carried on in the same manner as if the external iliac were tied. When the femoral artery is tied be...

Treatment Of Popliteal Aneurism By Compression On The Femoral Artery: The treatment of aneurism by compression upon the artery leading to the tumor, may be considered as one of the greatest achievements in modern surgery. In this city it has almost entirely superseded t...

The Superficial Circumflexa Ilii: The Superficial Circumflexa Ilii, smaller than the preceding, follows the course of Poupart's ligament beneath the integuments, and at the anterior superior spine of the ilium terminates in anastomosi...

The Anastomotica Magna Artery: The Anastomotica Magna Artery comes off immediately before the femoral artery passes between the tendons of the adductor magnus and vastus internus muscles: together with the internal saphenous nerve,...

The Profunda Femoral Artery: This artery arises from the posterior and external part of the femoral, at about an inch and a half to two inches below Poupart's ligament; in some rare cases it arises much lower down. It proceeds ob...

The External Circumflex Artery: The External Circumflex Artery arises from the external side of the profunda, where the latter is forming its curvature in order to descend inwards: from this origin it runs almost transversely outwar...

The Internal Circumflex Artery: The Internal Circumflex Artery, usually larger than the external, arises from the posterior and internal part of the profunda. It first sinks, from before backwards, between the pectineus and the tend...

The Perforating Arteries: The Perforating Arteries are three in number; the termination of the profunda is often described as a fourth. The first arises a little below the lesser trochanter ; it passes backwards beneath the lo...

The Popliteal Space: This name is given to the hollow in the posterior region of the knee-joint. It occupies about the inferior third of the posterior part of the thigh, and the superior fifth of the back part of the leg....

The Popliteal Artery: This artery extends from its entrance into the popliteal space, through the opening already described, to the lower margin of the popliteus muscle. Situated at first behind the femur above its interna...

Ligature Of The Popliteal Artery: In its superior third, this artery may be exposed by an incision on the external margin of the semi-membranosus muscle, closely applied to which is the popliteal nerve : the muscle being drawn inwards...

The Superior Internal Articular Artery: The Superior Internal Articular Artery arises under cover of the semi-membranosus muscle; it runs upwards and forwards and arches over the internal condyle of the femur, between that bone and the tend...

The Inferior External Articular Artery: The Inferior External Articular Artery comes off a little lower down than the preceding. It crosses outwards beneath the external head of the gastrocnemius muscle, and then turns forwards between the ...

The Azygos Or Middle Articular Artery: The Azygos Or Middle Articular Artery arises from the front of the popliteal artery, consequently will be best seen after the other branches have been dissected: it runs downwards and forwards, and pi...

The Anterior Tibial Artery: This artery is smaller than the posterior tibial: it runs at first somewhat horizontally forwards from the posterior to the anterior region of the leg, through a foramen above the interosseous ligamen...

Ligature Of The Anterior Tibial Artery: A line drawn downwards from the prominent portion of the external condyle of the tibia, anterior to the superior tibio-fibular articulation, would correspond to the tendinous intersection between the ...

The Tibial Recurrent: The Tibial Recurrent arises from the anterior tibial artery, immediately after it has passed through the interosseous space: it curves upwards and inwards through the fibres of the tibialis anticus mu...

The Metatarsal Branch: The Metatarsal Branch, smaller than the preceding, proceeds forwards and outwards through the fibres of the short extensor, forming a curvature the convexity of which looks forwards, and terminates in...

The Dorsalis Pollicis: The Dorsalis Pollicis advances to the interosseous space between the great and second toes, and divides into two branches, one of which passes under the extensor tendons of the great toe, sinks into t...

The Posterior Tibial Artery: This vessel may be exposed by cutting across the tendo Achillis at its upper part, and then reflecting the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles upwards: the deep tibial fascia may now be divid...

Ligature Of The Posterior Tibial Artery: This vessel may be secured in the middle part of its course, either according to Mr. Guthrie's plan, by a long incision made through the gastrocnemii muscles and deep-seated fascia down to the artery;...

The Peroneal Artery: The Peroneal Artery arises from the posterior tibial, a little below the commencement of the latter, and then inclines obliquely downwards and outwards to reach the fibula, along which it descends, ti...

Ligature Of The Peroneal Artery: The lower part of the peroneal artery may be exposed by an incision commencing at the mid-point between the tendo Achillis and external malleolus, and extending about four inches upwards and outwards ...

The External Plantar Artery: The External Plantar Artery, much larger than the preceding, passes obliquely forwards and outwards towards the base of the fifth metatarsal bone: in this the first part of its course, it nearly follo...

The Anterior, Or Digital Arteries: The Anterior, Or Digital Arteries, are larger than the preceding, and usually four in number. The first, or most external, supplies the outer edge of the little toe. The second, third, and fourth adva...

Varieties Or Anomalies Of The Arteries. Varieties Or Anomalies Op The Pulmonary Artery: The pulmonary artery may arise from the aorta, or in common with it; or, the two ventricles may communicate at their bases, and the septum between the aorta and pulmonary artery may be deficient. The ...

2. Varieties As To Form: The aorta has usually at its origin the form of an arch: in some cases, however, this vessel has been observed to have no arch, but to divide soon after its origin into two great trunks, one of which,...

Varieties As To The Course Of The Aorta: In some cases the aorta, instead of crossing to the left side of the spine, passes backwards towards its right side, and then either descends on the same side, or crosses over to the left behind the t...

Varieties As To The Branches Of The Arch. Varieties With Two Primary Branches: These varieties are exceedingly numerous. There may be a common trunk on the right side, giving off the right subclavian, and both carotids. This is the natural disposition in the simiae, and has been...

Varieties With Three Primary Branches: This may consist in mere transposition of the vessels, as when we find an arteria innominata on the left side, and the right carotid and subclavian arising separately from the arch without any other t...

Varieties With Four Primary Branches: In addition to the usual branches, there may be a left vertebral arising between the left carotid and left subclavian, as in the phoca vitulina; or a left vertebral arising beyond the left subclavian;...

Varieties With Five Primary Branches: In addition to the three usual branches, the left vertebral, and the right internal mammary, or the left vertebral and right inferior thyroid, may be found arising from the arch; or there may be the t...

Varieties With Six Primary Branches: The subclavians, carotids, and vertebrals, have been observed to arise separately from the arch, each vertebral being between the subclavian and carotid of its own side. Hence it appears, that omit...

Varieties Of The Arteria Innominata: Some of the irregularities in the origin of this vessel have been already described : in addition it may be remarked, that it has been seen to take its origin from the descending aorta. When it does n...

Varieties Of The Common Carotid Artery: Some years back I observed a very remarkable variety in a subject at the Carmichael, then the Richmond Hospital School of Medicine: in this subject there was no common carotid on the right side; and t...

Varieties Of The Occipital Artery: In some cases this artery arises from the internal carotid.* Dr. Green relates a case in which it arose from the vertebral.* Lastly, it may give off the pharyngea ascendens.† * Tiedemann, Exp. Tab....

Varieties Of The Internal Carotid Artery And Its Branches: We have already observed that the external carotid is sometimes deficient, in which case, the internal is a continuation of the common carotid, and gives off the branches which usually arise from the ...

Varieties Of The Subclavian Artery: In addition to the great number of varieties already noticed, we shall only add, in this place, that, in some cases, the subclavian artery passes in front of the scalenus anticus muscle along with the...

Varieties Of The Brachial Artery: The most common irregularity of the brachial artery is a high bifurcation into the ulnar and radial. This may occur in any part of its course. In this case the ulnar and radial arteries, having arrive...

Varieties Of The Ulnar And Radial Arteries: The origin of either vessel in the arm or axilla has been already noticed. Sometimes the ulnar artery arises regularly at the bend of the elbow, yet afterwards it descends on the cutaneous surface of ...

Varieties Of The Abdominal Aorta: The aorta sometimes bifurcates at the third lumbar vertebra, or as high as the second,* or immediately after giving off the renal arteries.† Dr. Green met with the following varieties in this vessel:—...

Varieties Of The Superior Mesenteric Artery: This artery sometimes arises in common with the cceliac axis. It has been known to give off an hepatic artery, and in another case it gave off the gastro-epiploica dextra. The superior mesenteric a...

Varieties Of The Spermatic Arteries: The spermatic artery on one or both sides may come from the renal: this is more likely to occur on the right side than on the left. Sometimes they arise from the aorta by a common trunk; and Cruveilhi...

Varieties Of The Obturator Artery: The obturator artery not unfrequently comes off from the epigastric; and fig. 46, on page 293, represents three different routes which it may take, in order to arrive at the obturator foramen. First, ...

Varieties Of The Pudic Artery: The trunk of the pudic artery, in some cases, instead of going out of the pelvis through the great sciatic notch, descends along the inferior surface of the bladder, and then over the prostate gland, ...

Varieties Of The Dorsal Artery Of The Penis: This artery sometimes comes directly from the iliac, and passes along the side of the prostate gland, to arrive at its destination. The late Dr. M'Dowel remarked that this variety was more frequent on...

Varieties Of The Femoral Artery: This artery is sometimes double: Gooch has cited three examples; Velpeau mentions a fourth, and refers to Casa-mayor, who saw a fifth. In Velpeau's case the supernumerary artery gave off the branches ...

Varieties Of The Peroneal Artery: We have already seen that the anterior peroneal artery may be of considerable size, and may take the place of the anterior tibial upon the dorsum of the foot; giving off the tarsal, metatarsal, dorsal...

Anatomy Of The Arteries Of The Human Body | by John Hatch Power

Discover