The Barnet Book Of Photography | by Herts Barnet
We want The Barnet Book to even more than ever remind Photographers throughout the world of our readiness to realise their needs, and to afford them help and advice in a manner not perhaps usual with a commercial house; moreover, this Book should keep in remembrance that vast and growing industry whence Plates, Films, Papers , Carbon tissues, etc, bearing the name of Barnet are sent forth. And that the Barnet productions are prepared only after the most painstaking scientific investigation and tests, and by means of all the great manufacturing resources of The Barnet Works, sufficiently accounts for the ever increasing demand made for them, to which it is our aim to respond in as full and liberal a mariner as that in which the Barnet Book is planned.
| Title | The Barnet Book Of Photography |
| Author | Herts Barnet |
| Publisher | Elliott & Sons, Ltd |
| Year | 1905 |
| Copyright | 1905, Herts Barnet |
| Amazon | The Barnet Book Of Photography |
Eighth Edition. Revised, Rewritten, And Including New Matter And New Illustrations, Thus Constituting An Entirely New Work.
Preface- THE Barnet Book of Photography has come to be recognised as a standard work. Its clear and concise instructions have made it a useful and practical guide to thousands of photographic workers, and, sin...
- Negative Making
- IT is fair to assume that the reader of this book knows why the plate or film from which the completed photograph is printed is called a negative, and also that the negative is produced by first expos...
- Exposure
- On the principle of safe bind, sure find, the more care that is exercised in securing an approximately correct exposure, the simpler and more satisfactory will all subsequent operations become. In ...
- Development
- Although there is a great variety of developers, they all consist essentially of three elements—(1) The developer proper or reagent; (2) an alkali, the addition of which sets the reagent going, and as...
- Various Developers
- We may now briefly review some of the many developers which are at our disposal, each possessing some more or less distinctive characteristic, yet all being dependent on the same principles. First ...
- Factorial Or Time Development
- No article on negative-making or extended reference to development would to-day be complete without including at least a brief explanation of what is termed time development, a system introduced more ...
- After-Treatment Of Negatives
- Whilst a negative which has had its faults set right by subsequent chemical treatment is not to be preferred to one which needs no doctoring, it is often imperative that we should use any power within...
- After-Treatment Of Negatives. Continued
- Varnishing The final step of varnishing the negative is one that should on no account be omitted if any value is attached to its preservation : the application of a varnish protecting the film from...
- Orthochromatic Plates And Colour Screens
- EVERYONE who has exposed a plate, and a large proportion of those who have not, are aware that the brightest colours in the scene that is being photographed are not those that are brightest in the pic...
- Orthochromatic Plates And Colour Screens. Part 2
- The reader is of course aware, as a matter of general knowledge, that each colour in the spectrum is complementary to some other—thus violet and yellow are complementary to each other, blue and orange...
- Orthochromatic Plates And Colour Screens. Part 3
- The method I have adopted recently is much simpler. I purchase a sheet of clear gelatine of a suitable thickness, stain it in an aqueous solution of dye to the required tint, squeegee it upon glass to...
- Orthochromatic Plates And Colour Screens. Part 4
- In comparing the following illustrations with each other, no attention need be paid to the relative darkness of each—a slight variation in the time of development given to the negative, or of the expo...
- Orthochromatic Plates And Colour Screens. Part 5
- It will, of course, be gathered that our object in making the screens is to get the colour correction with as little loss of actinic light in the camera as may be. The visual intensity of the light is...
- Film Photography
- UNQUESTIONABLY the enormous popularity that photography has attained during the last few years is largely due to the introduction of films. Both flat films and the newer daylight loading roll films ha...
- Film Photography. Continued
- The water has probably made the section quite limp, and it should be immersed quickly by sliding it into the solution face upwards. This allows the developer to flow across it evenly, and as soon as t...
- The Barnet Lantern Plates
- Two brands: warm tone. cold tone tjull instructions enclosed with every box for obtaining a wide range of tones. the best plates for window transparencies. The use of daylight developing mac...
- Lantern Slide Making
- I THINK we may take it for granted that most photographers know what a lantern slide is, even if he has never made one or seen one made. It is a transparent print on glass, and one which is intende...
- Lantern Slide Making. Continued
- Development Our plate is now ready for development, and for this purpose we make up the following good all-round developer :— No. 1 Hydroquinone.....160 grains. Sulphite of soda .... 2...
- Slides By Reduction
- Thus far we have been dealing with slides made by contact—the lantern plate in contact with a negative of the same size or smaller—but this limits us to making slides from a negative or a portion of t...
- Clouds In Lantern Slides
- A lantern slide with a clear white sky is an unfinished production, and it is so simple a matter to put in clouds that there is no reason why such slides should be shown at all. The beginner must not ...
- Reducing And Intensifying
- Lucky is the man who can always make the slide he wants. Oftentimes a slide comes out of the fixing-bath a little too dense or just a trifle thin, or maybe there is just one corner too dense, which sp...
- Mounting And Binding
- When the exposed, developed, and fixed lantern plate is finished we shall require to mount it so as to protect it from injury, and a certain exactness and neatness in this connection is essential. The...
- Photographic Lenses
- IF an object is to be photographed it must be luminous —that is to say, it must either be a source of light or must reflect light emanating from some other source. The surface of such an object may th...
- Action Of The Lens
- With a good lens both defects of the pin-hole are remedied. It transmits a very much larger amount of light, and, if properly corrected, it will produce a finely defined and accurately drawn image ...
- Correction Of Lenses
- A photographic objective is almost invariably a combination of a number of positive and negative lenses of various forms and varieties of glass, so arranged that the errors, or aberrations, of one l...
- Testing Conditions
- All the single lenses used in photographic combinations have either spherical or plane surfaces, and all, together with the diaphragm, are centred on an axial line which intersects every surface norma...
- Curvature Of The Field
- With a test object such as that just described, every point in the object plane should be reproduced exactly in the parallel image plane. If this condition is secured the lens has a flat field, but ...
- Chromatic Aberration
- This is one cause of ill-formed foci. The light emitted by any natural object is always mixed light that can be analysed into light of very various colours, and as an uncorrected lens always performs ...
- Spherical Aberration
- If we can get nothing but a blurred image of a point, wherever we put the plate, then spherical aberration, or some phase of it, must exist. In a direct pencil this aberration can exist only in its si...
- Astigmatism
- When a focussing screen intersects an oblique pencil in a certain place a point may be represented by an oval pointing towards the principal axis of the lens. Moving the screen slightly, another oval ...
- Coma And Distortion
- Coma This only occurs as an additional complication of astigmatism, and therefore in oblique pencils alone. It may be identified by the lateral distortion of what should be symmetrical astigmatic f...
- Focal Length And Conjugates
- Before a lens can be used to advantage certain facts concerning it must be known to the user. The focus of a very distant point lying on the principal axis of the lens is known as a principal foc...
- Scale Of Image
- Focus being secured, the relative linear proportions of image and object are equal to those of the relative conjugate focal distances. Thus image and object are the same size when they are equally dis...
- Measurement Of Focal Length
- If the position of the back principal point of a lens is known, then by focussing on a distant object and measuring the distance from screen to principal point you find the focal length. If the princi...
- Aperture
- The next important particular that must be known with regard to a lens is its effective aperture, or the size of the largest parallel pencil of light that the lens and stop together will pass. Knowing...
- Depth
- Strictly speaking only one object point out of a series of points all at different distances from the camera can be in focus at one time; but, practically, no want of sharpness can be detected in the ...
- Focussing Scales
- When focus is secured on a certain distance the exact camera extension can be recorded by a mark on some convenient portion of the apparatus, so that the camera may be again set to the same mark when ...
- Types Of Lenses
- A wide angle lens is one that passes light pencils of exceptional obliquity, and its image field will, therefore, cover an exceptionally large plate. It must have a short mount to allow very oblique c...
- The Hand Camera
- An Elementary Article On Its Manipulation AMONGST the very large number who have acquired a hand camera, either as a means towards securing records or perpetuating memories of summer holidays, it w...
- The Hand Camera In Use
- We will suppose that you have one of the two types of camera briefly referred to above, and that at the time of reading this you are to a more or less extent ignorant both as to its powers or its mani...
- The Hand Camera In Use. Part 2
- Hand camera work is, however, essentially out-of-door photography, and light conditions are considerably more equable, and a little judgment, coupled with the high excellence and wonderful latitude in...
- The Hand Camera In Use. Part 3
- There is not much need in the earlier stages of hand camera work to mark each plate, and in most instances these brief particulars on the plate box will be a sufficient guide. If plates are being u...
- Hints On Amateur Portraiture
- Ware the whole of this volume devoted to the subject of portraiture, there would, even then, not be room to say all that might be profitably said on this fascinating branch of photography. How scanty ...
- Hints On Amateur Portraiture. Part 2
- Type Of Lens This will in many cases be governed by a matter of costs, i.e. how much the worker is disposed to pay for his lens. But in any case, as an amateur's advice to amateurs, let us say, Do ...
- Hints On Amateur Portraiture. Part 3
- The background of a portrait, like the foundation of a building, should do its vastly important work unostentatiously. It may be light or dark, it may be plain, graduated, or have some pattern or desi...
- Reflectors
- These come next in importance to backgrounds. Here again a second clothes-horse will prove useful. The material of the reflector is not of much consequence provided it is white. We may thus use a shee...
- Portrait Versus Likeness
- The tiro may hitherto have regarded these two terms as synonymous—as meaning the same thing. And so they do to many photographers. This is just where good portrait painters find fault with average p...
- Posing For Photographs
- There is a common saying to the effect that the best way to pose one's sitters is to leave them alone—i.e. to engage them in some interesting conversation or occupation and to watch and wait without l...
- Accessories, Furniture, Etc
- The budding tiro may be pardoned if, when starting photographic portraiture, he is prompted to imitate the style of some brother professional, and introduce the time-honoured table with vase of flower...
- P.O.P
- THE above heading has no reference to temperance drinks, but is the universal abbreviation used in describing a particular method of photographic printing. I suppose there is scarcely any need to expl...
- P.O.P. Continued
- Care Of The Paper Care of the paper is another point that is well worth attention, and all Bar net P.O. P. is sent out carefully packed, first in white paper, then in waterproof paper, and finally ...
- Varieties Of P.O.P
- Having cleared up some of these points, we will now commence again at the beginning and see how P.O.P. should be worked in order to produce pleasing and lasting results. First of all, the choice of a ...
- Toning
- Having made our prints, we proceed to tone them. A word or two as to how many should be manipulated at a time. Whilst I do not advocate single prints or even couples, preferring fairly large batches, ...
- Toning. Continued
- With all gold toning baths the rule is that the gold solution shall be added to the other constituents last of all. If this is neglected with the sulphocyanide bath, you may possibly realise that the ...
- Self-Toning Papers
- A brand of P.O.P.s which are now coming into great favour are the so-called self-toning papers. In these papers the necessary amount of gold is apparently incorporated in the emulsion itself, and toni...
- Fixing Bath
- The fixing bath of necessity follows all toning operations. In this the desired action is to dissolve away all sensitive silver salts, and leave only those that have been reduced by the action of ligh...
- Washing
- Having fixed our prints, it now remains to remove the hypo and the silver salts it holds in solution. This is the most tedious of all the processes, because experience has shown that the old method of...
- Bromide Printing
- Enlarging And Contact Printing With Bromide Papers IN the following article very little has been said about apparatus, since this is a purchasable quantity. Thus I have been enabled to devote more ...
- The Illuminant
- The choice of the source of illumination is governed by two factors—efficiency and convenience. I use the word convenience in the broadest sense. As before stated, a point of light is optically the mo...
- The Negative
- Any kind of negative may be used for bromide printing, but by far the best results are obtained from negatives specially made for the process. When daylight is used for printing we are not quite so de...
- The Negative. Continued
- When a soluble bromide, such as potassium bromide, is added to a developing solution, either before or after the first appearance of the image, by a rather complex chemical reaction, the parts of the ...
- Weak Development
- Before giving my method of weak development I wish to say a word on the rationale of the process. The too prevalent method of developing a bromide print by flooding it with a strong developer and snat...
- Combination Printing
- Here we have one of the most fascinating and necessary adjuncts to pictorial work. Now with regard to the manipulation, combination printing in the bromide process is considerably more difficult than ...
- Fixing
- The fixing bath may be of the same strength as that used for negatives—the quicker the print is fixed the better; it should preferably be of the acid variety. Five to seven minutes' immersion in such ...
- Enlarged Negatives
- Where a number of large prints have to be produced from one negative, or it is desired to make a large print by another contact process, it is often quicker and more economical to make an enlarged neg...
- Contact Printing
- The manipulations in the process of contact printing with bromide paper are precisely similar to those given in enlarging, with perhaps a few modifications in exposure and development. There is, howev...
- Gaslight Paper
- This paper, although not strictly speaking a Bromide paper, may be conveniently included here, as it is treated in much the same way, with the two exceptions that its slowness—which is about one-tenth...
- Some Bromide Varieties
- Glossy Bromide And Bromide Cards Glossy bromide paper requires slightly different treatment to the ordinary. It is not so amenable to weak development. Either a developer of normal or semi-norma...
- Carbon Printing
- CARBON printing being so essentially different in its methods from other processes, the terms used to describe the various operations also differ widely, so that to the ordinary worker it may appear f...
- Carbon Printing. Part 2
- The tissues are made in a variety of colours, the following being those most useful for pictorial work :— Engraving Black A good pure black, similar in tone to the black of a print from a steel ...
- Carbon Printing. Part 3
- The prints must be protected from daylight until they are put into the water ; after this they have lost their sensitiveness to light, and all subsequent work, development, etc, may be carried out in ...
- Carbon Printing. Part 4
- An alternative method is to simply leave the print face downwards in the developing bath, when the gelatine will flow from the surface as it is loosened by the hot water, and the print will develop au...
- Storage Of Tissue And Prints
- Sensitive tissue must be kept very carefully, or it will deteriorate even more rapidly than the time previously given. It should be kept in the wrapping paper or envelope in which it is packed by the ...
- Printing By Actinometer
- The method suggested in the early part of this article for gauging the exposure for preliminary prints would be quite impracticable for general work. The use of an actinometer is very simple in practi...
- Drawing And Etching Papers For Single Transfer
- White and toned drawing and etching papers of smooth and rough surfaces are obtainable prepared for receiving prints by single transfer, in the same manner as previously described for the thin ordinar...
- Double Transfer
- So far the method of working considered has been that called single transfer, from the fact that the film of gelatine forming the picture is transferred from the paper on which it is prepared to a new...
- Double Transfer. Continued
- Rigid temporary supports are sometimes used for double transfer, consisting of finely-ground opal glass. They produce prints with a matt surface in place of the slight gloss resulting from the use of...
- Sensitising Tissue
- In order to derive the full advantage of the variety ot colour, etc., possessed by the carbon process, it is really necessary that the worker should sensitise tissue for his own use just as required. ...
- Ozotype
- OZOTYPE is a modification of the carbon process designed with the object of dispensing with the actinometer and the transfer which is necessary in carbon printing to produce pictures in the correct po...
- Some Useful Formulae
- Developers For Barnet Plates And Papers Pyro-Soda Developer For Plates Or Films. Solution A Pyro stock :— Potassium metabisulphite . . .100 grains Dissolve in water, then add pyro . 1 ounce P...
- Some Useful Formulae. Continued
- Light Filter Yellow Screens for Orthochromatic Plates. For general landscape work fix an ordinary lantern plate, wash and dry it, and then soak it for one minute in •— Napthol yellow dye Water...
- Pictorial Photography
- Photographic Means Applied To Artistic Expression This is the merit and distinction of Art : to be more real than reality, to be not Nature, but Nature s essence. It is the artist's function not ...
- Pictorial Photography. Part 2
- If, then, one should criticise your picture and should disapprove, it is no excuse for you to urge that it was like that in Nature, because, if at the particular time and from that particular standpoi...
- Pictorial Photography. Part 3
- Notice, however, that the middle of the picture lacks interest and there is no one principal point of attraction, the eye passing restlessly from the abbey to the house and back again, so that, should...
- Pictorial Photography. Part 4
- The lines are to be only the elementary scheme or skeleton of the composition, which the tones and masses of light symmetrical—and this sometimes occurs even in wild Nature—then it is wrong, because t...
- Imagination
- The recruit who as yet has hardly realised that a picture can be aught but a simple copy of a well-chosen scene in Nature may, if he like, leave this section for the present and pass to the next; but ...
- Construction, Means, And Methods
- I have devoted more space to motive, and shall give less to actual methods than perhaps the beginner would wish, yet the apportionment which I have adopted I believe to be best, and at least agrees wi...
- Construction, Means, And Methods. Continued
- In all these matters of focusing the student must ever keep in mind that as the view appears on the focusing screen so it will be on the plate when developed. The character of the picture, the accurac...
