This section is from the book "Breeding, Training, Management, Diseases Of Dogs", by Francis Butler. Also available from Amazon: Breeding, training, management, diseases.
Unless a dog come, when he is called, he is not to be depended on. He may be tempted either for sport, malice, or pastime to pursue a cat, hog, dog, etc ; worse than that, he may be inclined to dodge after the opposite sex, regardless of his master's commands, deaf to his threats and entreaties. As a barrier against such casualties, he should be strictly taught to come immediately at call. Now this cannot be classed among dog-tricks, but perhaps it is more difficult to teach, as it requires considerable judgment to enforce, and often great patience to forbear. A dog must be taught to come, with as little threatening as possible, especially when he is at a distance, as young dogs may easily be too much intimidated by threats. When a command has to be obeyed at a distance, its execution depends principally on the animal's will. He should then be humored, until he thoroughly understands his duty, after which he will bear such seasonable correction, as the case may require. He should be regularly drilled into it, at gradually increasing distances. A beckoning sign should also be made accompanying the command, or a peculiar whistle used, more particularly if he be a sporting dog, who may be often out of sight. It is convenient that he should understand both sign, voice and whistle. His obedience should be thoroughly tested in every way, and his habits of wilting submission indelibly confirmed.
 
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