This section is from the book "Breeding, Training, Management, Diseases Of Dogs", by Francis Butler. Also available from Amazon: Breeding, training, management, diseases.
Down ! Gently press the dog down, repeating "Down! Down Sir!" hold over him a twig or a whip ; if he resist, (as most probably he may,) use the whip very lightly, and increase in severity, according to the obstinacy of the animal, whilst you carefully exhibit firmness without anger. As soon as he has remained " Doion" about half a minute, do not omit to encourage and play with him, give him a little rest, and repeat. As soon as you see he understands it, make him perform without the sign of the whip, raising only the hand over him. (The whip may be concealed in your pocket, and produced in case of necessity.) When he lowns without threatening, try him at a little distance from you, (say six feet). If he refuse at that distance, approach him, administering a little correction, and repeat, till a polite request be sufficient to enforce compliance. Be cautious not to weary him, by repeating the same thing too often. Change off to a fetching or any other lesson. Keep up his spirits, by constant encouragement, and appear to join in the fun, though always maintaining your authority". When he downs short at six feet, or at any distance from you, change your command " Down" to " Stop ! Down !" The hand uplifted the same, and go on increasing the distance, little by little, always enforcing the "Stop" till it becomes instantaneous. Continue this, till he is perfect at a distance, equal to the full extent of your voice. When he is in motion, omit now the word " Down" and only use " Stop." This being effected, accustom him to stop, when he is on the full run ; throw an object for him to fetch, and occasionally stop him short, when at the height of his speed. Then set him at some animal, and before he quite reaches him, check him short with the " Stop." Don't weary him by a too oft repetition of the game thing. The next thing is to make him stay, under die word " Stop" till he is permitted to move ; and he never should at any time be allowed to stir, unless invited by the signal " Up." At first, of course, a very short time must be exacted, (say half a minute) at the expiration of which he must be released by the signal " Up" accompanied by raising the hand, invitingly called away and encouraged ; but be the time ever so short, he must never be allowed to leave of his own accord. By gradually increasing his time, and unerringly enforcing your orders, you may eventually succeed in keeping him there for hours, if you wish. I have occasionally forgotten my own orders, and have found my faithful dog, true to his post, hours after the command of " Steady there" was issued. This is the word now to be used. Remember then " Down" "Stop" " Up" and " Steady there."
 
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