Man: A History Of The Human Body | by Arthur Keith, Sir
This little book treats of the history of the human body rather than of its structure and mechanism. It reflects the opinions current among the more progressive anatomists of the present time.
| Title | Man: A History Of The Human Body |
| Author | Arthur Keith, Sir |
| Publisher | Henry Holt And Company |
| Year | 1919 |
| Copyright | 1919, Henry Holt And Company |
| Amazon | Man: A History Of The Human Body |
By Arthur Keith, M.D., LL.D. Hunterian Professor And Conservator Of Museum Royal College Of Surgeons, England. Author of "Embryology and Morphology of Man" "Ancient Types of Man," etc., etc.
Preface- The author has relied to a large extent on the well-known works cited in the bibliography at the end, but it is only fair to the reader to mention the fact that many of the statements are founded on u...
- Chapter I. How The Human Body Is Studied
- In all the medical schools of London a notice is posted over the door leading to the dissecting room forbidding strangers to enter. I propose, however, to push the door open and ask the reader to acco...
- How The Human Body Is Studied. Continued
- Before leaving the dissection we have been surveying it will be well to see one of those marvellously contrived structures known as a joint. The wrist joint is still hidden by the tendons; even when t...
- Chapter II. The Human Brain
- We propose to visit the dissecting room again, this time with the definite purpose of seeing the human brain—that wonderful organ which has lifted mankind to so high an estate. We shall see a structur...
- The Human Brain. Part 2
- The cerebellum is implanted on the upper or posterior aspect of the stem, and we note that it is only about a ninth part of the cerebrum in point of size, and that its substance is not convoluted, but...
- The Human Brain. Part 3
- The chief features of the human nervous system having been thus demonstrated to us, we take our leave of the students and of the anatomical theatre, but before making our exit from the medical school ...
- Chapter III. Man's Place Amongst Animals
- Most men are not aware of the toil and trouble zoologists have taken to name and number the animals of the earth and to arrange them in groups according to the manner in which their bodies are made. W...
- Man's Place Amongst Animals. Part 2
- Leaving the rooms in which the skeletons are shown we make our way to another in which the teeth of all kinds of animals are displayed, in order that we may ascertain what guidance they can give us re...
- Man's Place Amongst Animals. Part 3
- In another gallery we may examine the evolution of the nerve system from the lowest to the highest. At the end of the series are placed the massive and complex brains of various races of mankind; much...
- Chapter IV. Stature, Proportion, And Growth
- In this chapter we propose again to visit the Hunterian Museum in London to see those specimens which illustrate the growth and size of the human body. We wish especially to ascertain when and how man...
- Stature, Proportion, And Growth. Part 2
- We return to that part of the museum where we can study the growth of the human skeleton. Before us there are arranged specimens, row upon row, showing the development of the bones of the child before...
- Stature, Proportion, And Growth. Part 3
- We have already noted the fact that men are as a rule four or five inches taller than women. In determining the greater stature of the male it is possible that the sexual organs may have a powerful in...
- Chapter V. The Erect Posture
- There is some reason to think that man, when he institutes comparison between his own structure and carriage with those of other animals, is rather prejudiced in his own favour. It is very apparent fr...
- The Erect Posture. Continued
- The reader may well ask, What has the upright posture in the gibbon to do with man's posture ? In answering that question a number of considerations must be kept in mind. The first and most import...
- Chapter VI. The Tail And Certain Other Vestigial Structures
- It is very possible that the reader may still entertain a doubt as to the probability of man having come by his upright posture and plantigrade gait in the manner explained in the last chapter. In thi...
- The Tail And Certain Other Vestigial Structures. Part 2
- There is a danger of becoming tedious were I to press on the reader the technical evidence to be found in man's body which indicates a change in posture. Yet there is an advantage in approaching the s...
- The Tail And Certain Other Vestigial Structures. Part 3
- Very probably the reader is aware that in some people, especially those who are kept standing or moving about for hours on a stretch, such as postmen and policemen and nurses, the arch of the foot is ...
- Chapter VII. The Development Of The Human Body
- The reader will observe that I am not following the orderly methods of those who write text-books of anatomy ; there is no attempt here to describe one part of the body after another in regular sequen...
- The Development Of The Human Body. Part 2
- Some of the common malformations of the body appear to reproduce a condition which is only seen in fishes. The deformity known as hare-lip is a case in point. The name, however, is a misnomer, for...
- The Development Of The Human Body. Part 3
- Fig. 2. Showing how the great arteries of the thorax and neck are derived from the arteries of the gill-arches. The developmental changes which have just been described relate to remote stages ...
- The Development Of The Human Body. Part 4
- In mammals generally the embryo is distinctly in process of formation before the double membranes grow up and envelop it (p. 95); in man and anthropoids the formation of the embryo remains in abeyance...
- Chapter VIII. Human Monsters And Malformation
- In several of the preceding chapters we have been content to sit still and discuss various aspects of the human body. The time seems to have arrived when we should again see and examine the objects wh...
- Human Monsters And Malformation. Part 2
- In the united or monstrous twins just described each individual is of equal size and no mistake can be made about their condition, but we now reach a series which is very puzzling in composition, and ...
- Human Monsters And Malformation. Part 3
- On other shelves of the teratological gallery are shown numerous specimens to illustrate the developmental abnormalities of hare-lip, of cleft palate, and of other malformations which have already bee...
- Chapter IX. Changes In The Body During Youth And Age
- In the last two chapters we have been considering the changes which occur in that phase of our lives which culminates at birth. Before surveying those transformations which link infancy to old age it ...
- Changes In The Body During Youth And Age. Part 2
- We come now to the period of adolescence, which we may regard as defined by the eruption of the permanent teeth. In man this period may be reckoned as extending from the fifth to the twenty-second yea...
- Changes In The Body During Youth And Age. Part 3
- The changes in the head and neck so far described are those of infancy, youth and early manhood or womanhood, they are growth changes. Not a word has been said of the changes which set in with old age...
- Chapter X. The Sexual Characters Of The Human Body
- Some years ago Mr. Havelock Ellis collected all the observations which have been recorded regarding the differences between the body and mind of man and woman and made them into a most interesting and...
- The Sexual Characters Of The Human Body. Part 2
- From the survey which has been given it will be realized that every part of the skeleton is modified in connexion with sex. Further it will be evident that there is a variation in the degree to which ...
- The Sexual Characters Of The Human Body. Part 3
- The human embryo, like all vertebrate embryos, is furnished at first with the basal parts of both sexes. It is usual, therefore, to suppose that we have descended from a hermaphrodite form—one in whic...
- The Sexual Characters Of The Human Body. Part 4
- In the boy's body it is another set of structures which are affected at puberty. About the sixteenth year we notice the face begins to change. The hair roots of the beard, which had up to then remaine...
- Chapter XI. Racial Characters Of The Body
- If I were to declare openly that this chapter is nothing more or less than an attempt to expound the Principles of Physical Anthropology, I fear that I should turn my readers away with the declarat...
- Racial Characters Of The Body. Part 2
- If we make a survey of modern Europe we find the long-headed races scattered along her western shores—in Norway, in Britain, in those parts of Denmark, Germany and Holland which flank the North Sea ; ...
- Racial Characters Of The Body. Part 3
- When, too, we cross from Central Europe to Central Africa, we see that these two extreme types of mankind are linked together by all the intervening shades between fair and dark. In Southern Europe th...
- Racial Characters Of The Body. Part 4
- There are other features of the body we ought to contrast in the European and African—the longer forearm and leg of the latter, the absence of calf and longer heel, the different type of ear, but enou...
- Chapter XII. Bodily Features As Indexes Of Mental Character
- There is a general consensus of opinion that those who pretend to read character from the shape of the head—phrenologists—and from the lines of the hand—palmists—boast of a knowledge they do not actua...
- Bodily Features As Indexes Of Mental Character. Part 2
- A wide sheet of the facial musculature—the platysma myoides—extends into the subcutaneous tissue of the neck. Under normal circumstances this muscle acts on the mouth and jaw, drawing them downwards a...
- Bodily Features As Indexes Of Mental Character. Part 3
- We have already seen that there is no correspondence between the functions of the various parts of the brain, so far as we yet know them and the overlying parts of the head to which phrenologists have...
- Chapter XIII. Skin, Hair, And Sense Organs Of The Human Body
- The reader may think that I am grouping together very dissimilar structures in this chapter. The eye, the ear, the nose, the hair, the skin, the nails, the teeth, sweat, milk and sebaceous glands, alt...
- Skin, Hair, And Sense Organs Of The Human Body. Part 2
- There is also another factor at work. In our likes and dislikes we do take the condition of hair into account, and in this way, as Darwin pointed out, individuals with hairless bodies, but with rich h...
- Skin, Hair, And Sense Organs Of The Human Body. Part 3
- It would take us too far afield to describe the structure and mechanism of the organ of hearing. The manner in which the inner ear arises as a sac has been mentioned, but nothing was then said of the ...
- Chapter XIV. The Mechanism Of The Body
- It is refreshing in these Darwinian days to open a book on anatomy which became popular in England rather more than a century ago. The book was written by Archdeacon Paley, and entitled Natural Theo...
- The Mechanism Of The Body. Part 2
- Having thus illustrated the first order of levers at the head, the third order at the elbow, we can see an excellent example of the second order at the ankle joint. In this case the foot is the lever,...
- The Mechanism Of The Body. Part 3
- In the upper extremity of the thigh-bone there is a more complex system. The neck of the femur serves as a bracket to fix the head of the thigh-bone to its shaft. When we stand on one leg the whole we...
- Chapter XV. Degeneration And Regeneration
- Some years ago everybody was alarmed by the statement that our national physique was in process of decay. The question whether this was the case or not could have been decided with ease if exact measu...
- Degeneration And Regeneration. Part 2
- Metchnikoff, one of the most intrepid students of life of our time, has boldly declared that the appendix, the caecum and the whole of the great bowel—a massive and long tube with a highly-organized s...
- Degeneration And Regeneration. Part 3
- Let us first examine the question of chest development. The respiratory movements— their rate—their amplitude—are determined by the condition of the blood in the lung. The harder the muscles work the ...
- Chapter XVI. The Genealogy And Antiquity Of Man
- In all the foregoing chapters we have been examining and reviewing facts which bear more or less directly on the origin of man. In this final and brief chapter we propose to knit the various threads o...
