Art. 3. Portland Cement. Continued

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This section is from the book "Cement And Concrete", by Louis Carlton Sabin. Also available from Amazon: Cement and Concrete.

Art. 3. Portland Cement. Continued

Expressing the above statement as a formula we shall have or, must not exceed one.

The mean value of this ratio for twenty representative American brands is found to be .915. Values of .76 and .99 respectively were given by two well-known German brands.

The above discussion is based upon the theory evolved by several authorities from the results of experiment. Much doubt has been thrown upon this theory, however, by the recent investigations of Messrs. Day and Shepard in the Geo-physical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution. In the Journal of the American Chemical Society for September, 1906, Messrs. Day and Shepard presented their results, showing that the only definite compounds of lime and silica are the metasilicate CaOSi02 and the orthosili-cate Ca2Si04. This discovery will necessitate the modification of present accepted theories, but as yet the investigations have not been carried far enough to lead to definite conclusions.

10. The analyses of thirty-two brands of Portland cement, most of them of American manufacture, given in Table 2, are selected from various sources and illustrate the proportions obtaining in commercial products.

Table 2. Analyses Of Portland Cement

No.	Raw Materials.	Process.	Brand.	Location.
1	Limestone and Shale . . .	S	Alpena	Alpena, Mich.
2	Cement Rock and Limestone	D	Alpha	Alpha, N. J.
3	Chalk and Clay......	W	Alsens	Itzehoe, Germany.
4	Cement Rock and Limestone	D	Atlas	Northampton and Cop-lay, Pa.
5	Marl and Clay......	W	Brunson	Bronson, Mich.
6	Marl and Clay......	S	Buckeye	Harper, Ohio. Manheim, W. Va.
7	Cement Rock......	D	Buckhorn	Harper, Ohio. Manheim, W. Va.
8	Limestone and Clay ....	D	Catskill	Smiths Landing, N. Y.
9	Limestone and Clay .... Limestone and Clay . . . Limestone and Marl . .	D	Diamond	Middle Branch, Ohio.
10		D W	Dyckerhoff	Amoeneburg, Ger.
11	Cement Rock and Limestone	D	Edison	New Village, N. J.
12	Marl and Clay......	S	Empire	Warners, N. Y.
13	Marl and Clay.....	w	Germania	Lehrte, Germany
14	Cement Rock and Limestone	D	Giant	Egypt, Pa.
15	Limestone and Clay ....	D	Hudson	Hudson, N. Y.
16	Limestone and Clay ....	D	Iron Clad	Glens Falls, N. Y.
17	Chalk and Clay......	W	K. B. & S.	England.
18	Cement Rock and Limestone	D	Lehigh	Allentown, Pa.
19	Marl and Clay......	W	Medusa	Bay Bridge, Ohio.
20	Marl and Clay......	W	Medusa	Syracuse, Ind.
21	Cement Rock and Limestone	D	Nazareth	Nazareth, Pa.
22	Cement Rock and Limestone	D	Northampton	Stockertown, Pa.
23	Limestone and Clay ....	D	Old Dominion	Craigsville, Va.
24	Marl and Clay......	W	Omega	Jonesville, Mich.
25	Marl and Clay......	W	Peerless	Union City, Mich.
26	Cement Rock......	D	Red Diamond	Demopolis, Ala.
27	Cement Rock and Limestone	D	Saylors	Coplay, Pa.
28	Slag and Limestone . .	D	Universal	Chicago, 111.
29	Cement Rock and Limestone	D	Vulcanite	Vulcanite, N. J.
30	Marl and Clay......	W	Wolverine	Coldwater, Mich.
31	Clay and Waste Limestone	W	Wyandotte	Wyandotte, Mich.
32	Chalk and Clay......	W	Yankton	Yankton, S. Dak.

Note.—Wet process is indicated by W; dry, by D; and semi-wet, by S.

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Art. 3. Portland Cement. Continued

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Art. 3. Portland Cement. Continued

Table 2. Analyses Of Portland Cement

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