A seamless tin cup is carried wherever convenient, generally outside the pack, where it can be got at when one is thirsty. Aluminum is much too hot for cup and spoon. The complete kit weighs just 2 lbs. 2 oz. including bags. No table knife is carried, as I wear a sheath knife.

Tools, Etc

In summer the little 12-ounce tomahawk already mentioned is all that is needed in that line, its chief uses being to get kindling in wet weather, provide poles and thatch for shelter, blaze a trail, and so on. A small pair of side-cutting fliers is well worth its weight, if you are a fisherman.

The first aid kit mentioned in the following lists is made up as described in Vol. I. (p. 175), with the addition of a "snake doctor'* which consists of a hard rubber tube, about half the size of a fountain pen, in one end of which is a lancet (very dull as you buy it) and in the other a receptacle containing potassium permanganate in crystals ready to be rubbed into the incision. There is also a pair of splinter forceps. The whole goes in a tin tobacco box, 4 3/8 X3 1/4 X1 1/8 inches, sealed airtight with adhesive plaster, and weighs 5 ounces.

Other small "icta" will vary according to one's personal taste and requirements. The point is to have them compact and of unnoticeable weight. For a trip afoot there is no need of a whole spool of thread, for example, or of wire, or a quarter-pound mirror, or a large towel, or a whole cake of soap.

One-Man Kit For Summer

As an example, to be modified each for himself, I list below a summer marching and Camping outfit (good also as a canoeing kit) complete for a man going alone. It is enough in most parts of our country, but warmer bedding would be required at high altitudes, and perhaps a closed tent, such as the "Compac" or one of the semi-pyramid type, weighing to 4 pounds, instead of the one-pound shelter cloth. The total weight of the pack, as here given, including two days' full rations, is 23 pounds 2 ounces. The whole equipment, except the few light articles worn on the person, stows inside a pack sack of moderate dimensions. There is nothing exposed to advertise your mission; so you give the idle curious something to puzzle and fret over—which is good for them.

With such an outfit and his gun or fishing tackle, camera, or whatever may be the tools of his outdoor hobby, anyone of average physique and a little gumption can fare very well in the open, and enjoy absolute independence.

It will be noticed that little is carried on the person. Such things as are used many times a day are right where they can be reached without fumbling or pulling out the wrong article. Very little weight is carried on the belt. Comfort and suppleness of movement have been studied. There is no "ditty bag" * I discarded such a pouch long ago. If worn on the left side it often is in the way, and it dangles provokingly when you lean over or get down to crawl. If carried on the belt it is too heavy there. When I go out just for a day, I carry on my back a miniature knapsack containing the cape, lunch, tea pail, and such other things as I need for the work at hand. Five or six pounds on the back is less burdensome than half that weight in s diny bag, and it is out of the way.

It is important in marching that the trousers should be held snug up in the crotch, or there will be chafing. They should not be tight around the abdomen, as that would constrict blood-vessels and interfere with digestion. Stout men, and those with narrow hips, cannot depend on a belt, unless it is drawn very much too tight. Ordinary suspenders are best for them, but many object to their appearance, and so the "invisible" kind is specified in this check-list, although it is hard on buttons.

Summer Equipment For Back-Packing. Wear

Woolen gauze undershirt.

Woolen gauze (or balbriggan) drawers.

Woolen socks, winter weight, natural color.

Army overshirt, olive drab chambray (or flannel).

Silk neckerchief, 27 x 27 in.

Khaki trousers, extra suspender buttons.

Invisible suspenders.

Leather belt, narrow.

Army shoes, cone-headed Hungarian nails. Army leggings, canvas.

Felt hat, medium brim, ventilated, felt sweat-band. in pockets.

Left Shirt

Map sections, in cover. Leaf of almanac. Note book and pencil.

Right Skirt

'Compass.

Left Trousers

Purse. Waterproof match box, flat pattern (as reserve).

Right Trousers

Pocket knife.

Fob

Watch.

Left Hip

Pipe. Tobacco.

Right Hip

Bandanna handkerchief.

On Belt

Right Side, Front

Waterproofed matches (SO) in leather belt-pocket.

Right Side, Rear

Sheath knife.

On Back

LbS. OZr.

Duluth pack sack, 24 x 26 in. (see Fig. 32).. 2 4

Shelter cloth, 7x9 ft., waterproof .......... 2 4

Mosquito net, 68 x 72 in.................... 4

U. S. A. blanket, .summer weight, 66 x 84 in. .. 3

Browse bag, 32 x 78 in....................... 1

Pillow bag, 20 x 30 in.......... ............ 3

Rubber cape, 34 in.......................... 1 5

Stag shirt ................................. 1 8

Spare suit underwear and socks, as above.... 1 2

Tomahawk, muzzled ....................... 12

Side-cutting pliers, 5 in. .................... 4

Carborundum whetstone, 4 x 1 x x/i in....... 2

Wallet fitted with small scissors, needles, sail needle, awl point, 2 waxed ends, thread on card, sail twine, buttons, safety pins, horse-blanket pins, 2 short rigged fish lines, spare hooks, minnow hooks with half barb filed off, sinkers, snare wire, rubber bands, shoe laces ............... 6

Strong twine in bag ........................ 1

Aluminum frying-pan (8^6 in.), plate, fork, white-metal dessert spoon, dish towel, in bag..................................... 1.

2 Aluminum buckets (1 qt.), in hag......... 14