The weight of the glass and the sheaths in the plate camera forms its most serious drawback. This weight must be reckoned at least three quarters, of a pound for each 18 X24 centimeter plate. Consequently, with the use of these large plates, and with the demands for ever increasing numbers of pictures to be taken on long reconnaissance flights, a serious conflict arises between the weight of the photographic equipment and the carrying capacity of the plane. Among plate cameras probably the most economical in weight is the deRam. It carries fifty 18X24 centimeter plates, and has a total weight of approximately 100 pounds. An advance to 100 or 200 plates—not feasible in the deRam construction—even if we assume the lightest possible magazines, would bring the weight of camera and plates to 150 or 200 pounds, which would be detrimental to the balance and would seriously infringe on the fuel carrying capacity and ceiling of any ordinary reconnaissance plane.

Early and persistent attention was therefore paid to the possibilities of celluloid film in rolls, as used so widely in hand cameras and in moving picture work. The two great advantages of film would be its practically negligible weight (approximately one-tenth that of plates, not including sheaths) and its small bulk, which would permit the greatest freedom in the development of entirely automatic cameras to make exposures by the hundreds instead of by the dozens. Certain disadvantages were foreseen at the outset : • the difficulty of holding the film flat and immune from vibration in the larger sizes; the difficulty of quickly developing and drying large rolls; the question whether as good speed or color sensitiveness could be obtained in sensitive emulsions when flowed on a celluloid base as on glass. Early trials revealed a further problem to solve: how to eliminate the discharge of static electricity occurring at high altitudes, especially when the weather is cold.

As far as camera construction is concerned the chief problems are to hold the film flat, and to eliminate static.