Whether transplanting to the field or under glass, a fine soil is of prime importance. The same principle is here involved as in the germination of seeds. Unless the fine particles of moist soil come in contact with the feeding rootlets, the plant cannot become established in its new home. To secure a fine texture may require the frequent use of tillage tools in the field and the screening of soils for hotbed, cold frame or greenhouse work.

Moisture is equally important; each particle of soil ought to be surrounded with a film of water. Too much care cannot be exercised in providing the right moisture conditions. Every tillage operation should be studied from this standpoint. It may be necessary to use manures freely to increase the water-holding power of the soil or to irrigate before planting. In frame or greenhouse work where there is an abundant supply of water the problem is simple enough.

When transplanting to small beds in the open ground, as a shift before setting into the field, the most favorable spots should be chosen. Such spots should be fertile, moist, in fine tilth and free from stones, sticks and rubbish which would hinder the operation.